Nunavut is occupied by more than 20,000 Inuit, who represent 85 percent of the local population. The name means “our land” in the Inuit language, Inuktitut. The region was given the status of a territory in April 1999. This territory of archipelagos, water, and ice covers an area of 780,000 square miles (2 million km2), reaching to within 125 miles (200 km) of the Arctic circle. In the winter, when temperatures can go as low as -34° F (-37° C), the permanent ice floe at the centre of the Arctic and the coastal ice floe formed by the freezing estuaries and bays link up, offering a landscape of continuous ice that can be travelled by dogsled and snowmobile. In the summer the ice floe breaks up, creating drifting platforms called packs, reopening the migratory routes of whales and other marine mammals and admitting supply ships to the area. This seasonal ice break-up, which has been occurring early in the last few years, made ice-breakers unnecessary in the summer of 2

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