Lake Nakuru has a surface area of 24 square miles (62 km2), which takes up one-third of the national park of the same name that was created in 1968. It shelters nearly 370 bird species, including the lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) and the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber), of which 1.4 million have been counted on the site. Like the other alkaline lakes scattered along the Rift Valley, its location on a rocky volcanic substrate, weak flow, intense evaporation, and average depth of 40 inches (1 m) give it a high soda content. These briny waters are favourable to the formation of blue-green algae, micro organisms, and small crustaceans, which provided the basic diet of flamingos. However, chemical products used in river farming and the water runoff from the nearby city of Nakuru have gradually polluted the lake waters. Since 1990 Lake Nakuru has been considered a wetland of international importance.

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