The Thjórsá River, the longest river in Iceland, travels 143 miles (230 km) through terrain covered with lava. The river carries a good deal of organic and mineral refuse to the ocean, lending the Thjórsá its characteristic colour. The island is covered with a vast network of unnavigable rivers, most of which derive from sub glacial torrents, whose variable, tortuous routes make the construction of bridges and dams difficult. However, hydraulic energy makes it possible to satisfy 20 percent of the electricity needs, and its capabilities remain considerable, because only one-sixth of the hydraulic potential has been exploited. Iceland is also planning to use its sources of renewable energy (hydraulic and geothermal) to produce hydrogen, having made the pioneering decision to convert its entire economy to this new, nonpolluting fuel by the year 2030.

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