The result of a tear in the earth’s crust 40 million years before the Common Era, the Great Rift Valley extends for 4,000 miles (7,000 km) in eastern Africa. Bordered by high volcanic plateaus, this vast collapsed recess, a series of depressions from the Red Sea to Mozambique, contains a string of large lakes (including Turkana, Victoria, and Tanganyika) and Lake Magadi, the southernmost lake in Kenya. Fed by rains that wash the neighbouring volcanic slopes, which carry mineral salts, Magadi’s water has a high salt content. In places its surface is marbled with licks, crystallized salt deposits mixed with the briny water. Although inhospitable, this environment is not without life; millions of lesser flamingos gather to nourish themselves on the microalgae, shrimp, and other shellfish that proliferate in the waters of the lake.

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